One Santri, One Tree, One Ummah: Vernacularizing the Sustainable Development Goals through Fiqh al-Bi'ah and Pesantren Ecotheology in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55927/ijsmr.v4i9.160Keywords:
Sustainable Development Goals, Pesantren, Islamic Education, Environment, Fiqh Al-Bi'ahAbstract
This study examines Indonesia's 2025 national Gerakan Ekoteologi Satu Santri Satu Pohon (One Santri, One Tree Ecotheology Movement) - launched by the Ministry of Religious Affairs at Pondok Pesantren Tebuireng on 22 September 2025 and culminating in a presidentially attended national event at Taman Mini Indonesia Indah on 25 October 2025 - as a case of state-religious vernacularization of global sustainability norms. Using qualitative document and netnographically informed media-content analysis of a corpus of institutional, journalistic, and academic sources published between 2011 and 2026, triangulated with the internationally recognized exemplar of Pesantren Ekologi Ath-Thaariq in Garut, West Java, the study traces how doctrinal concepts of fiqh al-bi'ah (Islamic environmental jurisprudence) migrate from classical exegesis into state bureaucracy and everyday pesantren praxis. Findings show a policy assemblage evolving from Majelis Ulama Indonesia fatwas (2011, 2014) through provincial eco-pesantren pilots to a national ecotheology programme encompassing seven flagship pesantren and framed explicitly as iman (faith) in action.
References
Ardiansyah, A. F., Rahman, Y., Zubair, Tambunan, M. A., & Cholis, N. (2026). Reconstructing ecological ethics from Fakhr al-Din al-Razi: The possibilities and limits of its contextualization in Indonesian ecotheological policy. Al Quds: Jurnal Studi Alquran dan Hadis, 10(2), 385-414. https://doi.org/10.29240/alquds.v10i2.15999
Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
Detik.com. (2022). Ath-Thaariq, pesantren ekologi dari Garut yang dilirik PBB. https://www.detik.com/jabar/berita/d-6402253/ath-thaariq-pesantren-ekologi-dari-garut-yang-dilirik-pbb
Dhofier, Z. (1982). Tradisi pesantren: Studi tentang pandangan hidup kyai. LP3ES.
Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Banyuwangi. (n.d.). Eco pesantren. Retrieved September 2026, from https://dlh.banyuwangikab.go.id/program-kami/eco-pesantren
Fahrurrazi. (2018). Planting for God: The ecological Islam of Pesantren At-Thaariq Garut, West Java [Master's thesis, Universitas Gadjah Mada]. UGM Repository. https://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/155135
Ferdinan, Abdillah, Rahman, A., & Bahtiar, A. R. (2026). Eco Islamic education and its contribution to sustainable development goals in Muhammadiyah boarding schools of South Sulawesi. Discover Sustainability, 7(1), Article 310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-026-02647-6
Fernando, H., Ariwidodo, E., Barkah, Q., Orbawati, E. B., Nastain, M., Larasati, Y. G., & Kutsiyah, F. (2025). Facing climate change risk: Green theology commitment crisis in ritual practices. KARSA: Journal of Social and Islamic Culture, 33(2), 803-835. https://doi.org/10.19105/karsa.v33i2.21380
Fitriani, N., Zaki, M., Kabalmay, T., Huda, M., & Hidayatullah, M. B. (2025). Integration of SDGs in pesantren: Building ecological awareness among santri. International Journal of Research and Community Empowerment, 3(2), 83-90. https://doi.org/10.58706/ijorce.v3n2.p83-90
Foltz, R. C., Denny, F. M., & Baharuddin, A. (Eds.). (2003). Islam and ecology: A bestowed trust. Harvard University Press.
Gazali, E., & Budiana, A. A. (2023). A bibliometric analysis of pesantren's educational impact: Insights from the Scopus database (1994-2022). Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 12(1), 15-33. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpi.2023.121.15-33
GoodStats. (2025a). 10 provinsi dengan pondok pesantren terbanyak 2025. https://data.goodstats.id/statistic/10-provinsi-dengan-pondok-pesantren-terbanyak-2025-LlZsK
GoodStats. (2025b). 10 provinsi dengan santri terbanyak 2025, Jawa Timur teratas!. https://data.goodstats.id/statistic/10-provinsi-dengan-santri-terbanyak-2025-wJEc2
Halilah, Mubarak, M. Z., Hasanah, T., & Syamsuni. (2026). Reconstructing Islamic ecological jurisprudence in Indonesia: A Maqasid al-Shari'ah framework for climate resilience and environmental justice. ASEAN Journal of Islamic Studies and Civilization, 3(1), 71-93. https://doi.org/10.62976/ajisc.v3i1.2029
Izudin, A. (2026). Green fatwa studies in global discourses: Trends and pathways for the sustainable development agenda. Asy-Syir'ah: Jurnal Ilmu Syari'ah dan Hukum. Advance online publication.
Kemenag RI [Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia]. (2025). Semarak Hari Santri 2025, dari MBG, cek kesehatan gratis, hingga Aksi Satu Santri Satu Pohon. https://kemenag.go.id/nasional/semarak-hari-santri-2025-dari-mbg-cek-kesehatan-gratis-hingga-aksi-satu-santri-satu-pohon-03sXh
Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Pembangunan Manusia dan Kebudayaan. (n.d.). Perjuangan Nissa Wargadipura mendirikan pesantren ekologi. Retrieved September 2026, from https://www.kemenkopmk.go.id/perjuangan-nissa-wargadipura-mendirikan-pesantren-ekologi
Kementerian PPN/Bappenas. (2019). Peta jalan SDGs Indonesia menuju 2030. Kementerian PPN/Bappenas.
Khalid, F. M. (2019). Signs on the earth: Islam, modernity and the climate crisis. Kube Publishing.
Kozinets, R. V. (2015). Netnography: Redefined (2nd ed.). Sage.
Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology (4th ed.). Sage.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
Lukens-Bull, R. (2005). A peaceful jihad: Negotiating identity and modernity in Muslim Java. Palgrave Macmillan.
Maghfiroh, M., Iryani, E., Haerudin, H., Yani, M. T., Zaini, N., & Mahfud, C. (2024). Promoting green pesantren: Change, challenge and contribution of Nahdlatul Ulama in Indonesia. Nazhruna: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 7(2), 409-435. https://doi.org/10.31538/nzh.v7i2.4668
Mangunjaya, F. M., & Praharawati, G. (2019). Fatwas on boosting environmental conservation in Indonesia. Religions, 10(10), Article 570. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel10100570
Merry, S. E. (2006). Transnational human rights and local activism: Mapping the middle. American Anthropologist, 108(1), 38-51. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.2006.108.1.38
Muzakki, H., Arif, M., & Mamah, M. (2025). Integration of Islamic education values and fiqh al-bi'ah in cultivating environmentally responsible character. Cendekia: Jurnal Kependidikan dan Kemasyarakatan, 23(1), 55-70. https://doi.org/10.21154/cendekia.v23i1.10272
Mujahidin, M. D., Imron, A., & Abdiliah, M. H. (2025). Internalizing ecotheological values: Strategies of pesantren in fostering environmentally conscious character. Santri: Journal of Pesantren and Fiqh Sosial, 6(2), 155-170. https://doi.org/10.35878/santri.v6i2.1908
Nahdlatul Ulama Online. (2025). Kampus dan pesantren, ujung tombak gerakan ekoteologi di ruang pendidikan. https://www.nu.or.id/lapsus/kampus-dan-pesantren-ujung-tombak-gerakan-ekoteologi-di-ruang-pendidikan-crKYi
Pemerintah Kabupaten Lumajang. (n.d.). Eco pesantren, edukasi lingkungan hidup di lingkup pondok pesantren. Retrieved September 2026, from https://lumajangkab.go.id/berita-opd/detail/3797
Pesantren Ekologi Ath-Thaariq. (n.d.). Tentang kami. Retrieved September 2026, from https://www.pesantrenekologi.id/
Pusat Pengendalian Lingkungan Hidup Sulawesi dan Maluku. (2025). Sinergi pengelolaan lingkungan hidup, perkuat peran generasi muda menuju pesantren berwawasan lingkungan hidup (Eco Pesantren). https://pusdalsuma.go.id/2025/09/02/sinergi-pengelolaan-lingkungan-hidup-perkuat-peran-generasi-muda-menuju-pesantren-berwawasan-lingkungan-hidup-eco-pesantren/
Sulaeman, Ferdinan, & Rahman, A. (2026). Eco-pesantren management based on Hifzul Bi'ah for sustainable Islamic education. Nidhomiyyah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 7(2), 222-233. https://doi.org/10.38073/nidhomiyyah.v7i2.3591
Subaidi, Tantowi, A., Cholid, N., Junaedi, M., Waluyo, & Nursikin, M. (2023). Eco-pesantren: Islamic education in forest conservation landscapes. Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, 16(4), 541-567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40647-023-00386-w
UNESCO. (2017). Education for sustainable development goals: Learning objectives. UNESCO.
United Nations General Assembly. (2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development (A/RES/70/1).
Waspada.id. (2025). Santri jawab tantangan zaman: Dari isu lingkungan hingga kemandirian ekonomi. https://www.waspada.id/nusantara/santri-jawab-tantangan-zaman-dari-isu-lingkungan-hingga-kemandirian-ekonomi
