Packaging Design and Brand Visibility: Cultural Identity Effects Among Generation Z Consumers

Authors

  • Tasya Amanda Harahap University of North Sumatra
  • Muhammad Dharma Tuah Putra Nasution University of North Sumatra
  • Fadli Fadli University of North Sumatra

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/ijsmr.v4i7.90

Keywords:

Packaging Design, Brand Visibility,Purchase Intention

Abstract

This study examines the influence of packaging visual design elements (color, shape, typography, and logo placement) on brand visibility and purchase intention among Generation Z consumers in the Indonesian local beauty industry. Extending Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) theory, this research introduces cultural identity as a moderating factor and integrates cultural branding into packaging design literature. A mixed-methods approach is proposed, involving expert interviews (n=15), focus groups with Gen Z consumers (n=60), and a survey analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (target n=400). The findings are expected to show that culturally integrated packaging designs enhance brand visibility and purchase intention, providing practical guidelines for Indonesian beauty brands to strengthen differentiation and consumer engagement.

References

Arnould, E. J., & Thompson, C. J. (2005). Consumer culture theory (CCT): Twenty years of research. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(4), 868-882. https://doi.org/10.1086/426626

Aslam, M. M. (2006). Are you selling the right colour? A cross-cultural review of colour as a marketing cue. Journal of Marketing Communications, 12(1), 15-30. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527260500247827

Belk, R. W. (1988). Possessions and the extended self. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(2), 139-168. https://doi.org/10.1086/209154

Bottomley, P. A., & Doyle, J. R. (2006). The interactive effects of colors and products on perceptions of brand logo appropriateness. Marketing Theory, 6(1), 63-83. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470593106061263

Cameron, J. E. (2004). A three-factor model of social identity. Self and Identity, 3(3), 239-262. https://doi.org/10.1080/13576500444000047

Dodds, W. B., Monroe, K. B., & Grewal, D. (1991). Effects of price, brand, and store information on buyers' product evaluations. Journal of Marketing Research, 28(3), 307-319. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224379102800305

Escalas, J. E., & Bettman, J. R. (2005). Self-construal, reference groups, and brand meaning. Journal of Consumer Research, 32(3), 378-389. https://doi.org/10.1086/497549

Fournier, S. (1998). Consumers and their brands: Developing relationship theory in consumer research. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(4), 343-373. https://doi.org/10.1086/209515

Francis, T., & Hoefel, F. (2018, November 12). 'True Gen': Generation Z and its implications for companies. McKinsey & Company. https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/consumer-packaged-goods/our-insights/true-gen-generation-z-and-its-implications-for-companies

Hasibuan, M. S., & Nuraeni, S. (2023). Influential cosmetic packaging attributes toward customer purchase intention. Journal of Consumer Studies and Applied Marketing, 1(2), 81-91. https://doi.org/10.58229/jcsam.v1i2.80

Henderson, P. W., Giese, J. L., & Cote, J. A. (2004). Impression management using typeface design. Journal of Marketing, 68(4), 60-72. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.68.4.60.42736

Holt, D. B. (2004). How brands become icons: The principles of cultural branding. Harvard Business School Press.

Hosseini, A., Hooshanfar, K., Omrani, P., Toosi, R., Toosi, R., Ebrahimian, Z., & Akhaee, M. A. (2025). Brand visibility in packaging: A deep learning approach for logo detection, saliency-map prediction, and logo placement analysis. Discover Applied Sciences, 7(1), Article 43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-07043-9

Janiszewski, C., & Meyvis, T. (2001). Effects of brand logo complexity, repetition, and spacing on processing fluency and judgment. Journal of Consumer Research, 28(1), 18-32. https://doi.org/10.1086/321945

Keller, K. L. (1993). Conceptualizing, measuring, and managing customer-based brand equity. Journal of Marketing, 57(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299305700101

Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing management (15th ed.). Pearson Education.

Labrecque, L. I., & Milne, G. R. (2012). Exciting red and competent blue: The importance of color in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(5), 711-727. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-010-0245-y

Labrecque, L. I., Patrick, V. M., & Milne, G. R. (2013). The marketers' prismatic palette: A review of color research and future directions. Psychology & Marketing, 30(2), 187-202. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20597

Liu, C., Samsudin, M. R., & Zou, Y. (2025). The multidimensional impact of packaging design on purchase intention: A systematic hybrid review. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1), Article 122. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05122-1

Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J. A. (1974). An approach to environmental psychology. MIT Press.

Meyers-Levy, J., & Tybout, A. M. (1989). Schema congruity as a basis for product evaluation. Journal of Consumer Research, 16(1), 39-54. https://doi.org/10.1086/209192

Morwitz, V. G., Steckel, J. H., & Gupta, A. (2007). When do purchase intentions predict sales? International Journal of Forecasting, 23(3), 347-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2007.05.015

Narayanan, A., & Sharma, N. (2020). Packaging as a salesman on the shelf: A review of packaging in modern marketing. International Journal of Business and Management, 15(3), 142-153. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n3p142

Park, C. W., MacInnis, D. J., Priester, J., Eisingerich, A. B., & Iacobucci, D. (2010). Brand attachment and brand attitude strength: Conceptual and empirical differentiation of two critical brand equity drivers. Journal of Marketing, 74(6), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.74.6.1

Pieters, R., & Warlop, L. (1999). Visual attention during brand choice: The impact of time pressure and task motivation. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 16(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8116(98)00022-6

Polyakova, D. (2013). Packaging design and brand equity. European Journal of Marketing, 47(4), 622-641. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090561311285529

Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879-891. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.40.3.879

Romaniuk, J., & Sharp, B. (2004). Conceptualizing and measuring brand salience. Marketing Theory, 4(4), 327-342. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470593104047643

Romaniuk, J., & Sharp, B. (2016). How brands grow: What marketers don't know. Oxford University Press.

Shen, Y., & Jung, E. (2024). The impact of color psychology in packaging design on product recognition. Journal of Art Studies and Criticism, 5(6), 147-156. https://doi.org/10.32629/asc.v5i6.3265

Srivastava, P., Ramakanth, D., Akhila, K., & Gaikwad, K. K. (2022). Package design as a branding tool in the cosmetic industry: Consumers' perception vs. reality. SN Business & Economics, 2(6), Article 59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43546-022-00222-5

Tabassum, A. (2019). Impact of logo placement on packaging on consumer purchase intention. Journal of Marketing Management, 7(1), 1-12.

Tantillo, J., Di Lorenzo-Aiss, J., & Mathisen, R. E. (1995). Quantifying perceived differences in type styles: An exploratory study. Psychology & Marketing, 12(5), 447-457. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.4220120507

Torelli, C. J., Özsomer, A., Carvalho, S. W., Keh, H. T., & Maehle, N. (2012). Brand concepts as representations of human values: Do cultural congruity and compatibility between values matter? Journal of Marketing, 76(4), 92-108. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.10.0400

Underwood, R. L., Klein, N. M., & Burke, R. R. (2001). Packaging communication: Attentional effects of product imagery. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 10(7), 403-422. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610420110410531

Westerman, S. J., Gardner, P. H., Sutherland, E. J., White, T., Jordan, K., Watts, D., & Wells, S. (2012). Product design: Preference for rounded versus angular design elements. Psychology & Marketing, 29(8), 595-605. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20546

Zhang, Y., & Kim, N. (2013). The impact of packaging cues on perceptions of nutritional quality of foods. Journal of Consumer Research, 40(1), 124-141. https://doi.org/10.1086/668401

Published

2026-07-29

Issue

Section

Articles