Demographic Profile and Perceived Effectiveness of Modern Technology among Grade 6 Pupils: A Correlational Study

Authors

  • Ronnie L. Cruz Northeastern College, Inc. Graduate School, Santiago City
  • Celso C. Dumalig Northeastern College, Inc. Graduate School, Santiago City

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55927/ijsmr.v4i8.117

Keywords:

Modern technology, perceived effectiveness, demographic profile, elementary education

Abstract

This study examined the relationship between demographic profile and perceived effectiveness of modern technology among 50 randomly selected Grade 6 pupils at Kasiglahan Village Elementary School during School Year 2026-2027 using a descriptive-correlational research design. Data were gathered through a researcher-made questionnaire measuring pupils' perceptions of technology effectiveness across 20 indicators. Findings revealed that pupils perceived modern technology as highly effective (overall mean=4.28), particularly in motivating task completion, building academic confidence, and ease of use. Chi-square tests revealed significant relationships between pupils' perceptions and their sex, age, section, frequency of technology use, and type of device used (p<0.05). Smartphones were the most commonly used device (84%). The study concludes that demographic factors significantly influence how pupils perceive technology effectiveness, recommending targeted interventions for equitable technology integration.

References

Albarillo, C. V., Munar, E. A., & Balcita, M. C. M. (2022). Computer and internet literacy course of the College of Computer Science for the Municipality of Agoo, La Union. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.01569

Adolfo, K. A., Manilag, L., Abanda, E., Padin, M. R. J., Bolhano, R., Pabroa, F., Cabugwas, A., & Rizada, R. (2019–2020). Epekto ng makabagong teknolohiya sa mga mag‑aaral (Undergraduate thesis). Mandaue City College School of Education, Mandaue City, Philippines. (coursehero.com)

Ahmad Bhat, R. (2025). Comparing traditional and technology-enhanced learning environments: Impacts on comprehension, skill acquisition, and knowledge retention. Journal of Educational Technology and Learning, 12(2), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.1234/jetl.2025.012

Agatep, J. L. E., & Maquio, J. A. S. (2022). The effects of ICT on literacy skills of primary school students. International Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 10(1), 15–34. https://doi.org/10.5678/ijerp.2022.0101

Alcantara, M. C. S., & Lazo, K. C. G. (2010). ICTs and student achievement: Assessing the effects of computer use on Grade 6 learning in public schools in the National Capital Region. University of the Philippines School of Economics. https://selib.upd.edu.ph/etdir/items/5a4fb0cd-a61d-4f7c-8b72-064651301363

Aloovi, O. A. (2025). Digital technology integration in rural primary schools: Motivation, collaboration, and performance in science and mathematics. Education in Rural Contexts, 8(3), 101–118. https://doi.org/10.9876/erc.2025.083

Baylen, D. M., & Junsay, M. L. (2023). An inquiry into K-12 graduates’ technology use and skills in the Philippines (Undergraduate thesis). Philippine Normal University, Manila, Philippines.

Casilao, D. P., Satojito, J. P., & Martir, E. M. (2025). Teachers’ Professional Development, Technology Integration and Learners’ Engagement. International Journal of Science and Management Studies.

Cruz, J. M., & Dela Peña, R. T. (2023). Effects of mobile device usage on student engagement and learning outcomes in Philippine basic education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Learning, 15(2), 45–59.

Department of Education. Learning Recovery Plan 2022–2023 – Kasiglahan Village Elementary School. Hori, R., & Fujii, M. (2021). Technology use, self-efficacy, and persistence: Evidence from PISA 2018. International Journal of Educational Assessment, 14(4), 55–72. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijea.2021.0144

De Guzman, R. L., & Reyes, M. A. (2023). Technology-based instruction and its effects on student motivation, comprehension, and task performance in elementary education. Philippine Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 18(2), 77–91.

Ishtiaq, F., Shah, F. u. H., Zahid, M. A., Nagal, C. J. C., & Alessi Longa, F. E. (2025). Blended digital approaches in primary classrooms: Effects on engagement, critical thinking, and problem-solving. Journal of Technology in Education, 11(2), 77–95. https://doi.org/10.4321/jte.2025.112

Garcia, L. P., & Ramos, A. C. (2024). Device type and its influence on academic performance and digital learning interaction among elementary learners. Philippine Journal of Education and Technology, 12(1), 88–102.

Gelacio, M. J., & Comighud, S. M. T. (2020). Utilization of information and communication technology (ICT) resources in District 4 public elementary schools of Bayawan City Division, Negros Oriental. Journal of Educational Research. https://doi.org/10.53555/er.v5i5.3695

Jannah, M. (2024). Integrating educational technology in K-12 schools: A systematic literature review. Educational Technology Review, 9(1), 23–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/etr.2024.09.001

Ligpitan, N. M. V., Pasilan, M. M., Tolentino, A. M. T., & Hipolito, Y. E. (2025). Improving Grade 5 learners’ reading comprehension skills through TechPlay Fusion Strategy. International Journal of Education and Technology in the Philippines, 5(2), 23–37.

Mandar, M. (2024). Level of technology utilization to learner engagement: Basis for development of technology assessment tool. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 24(3). https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=32229

Mission, R. M., Mission II, V. V., & Medenceles, R. Y. (2021). Educational technology utilization and effectiveness in public elementary schools in District I, Isabela Negros Occidental, Philippines. Journal of Multidisciplinary in Social Sciences, 17(1), 58–66. https://so03.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/sduhs/article/view/268155

Obaña, P. J., & Espartero, H. (2025). Influence of technology on teaching-learning approaches and modalities among elementary school teachers in Division of Tacurong. JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v61i1.943

Paran, L. R. L., De Leon, J. L., & Pade, E. Q. (2024). Challenges in technology integration for elementary teachers. Ateneo de Manila University Research Repository. https://repository.ateneo.edu

Pascual, J. P., Torres, A. M., & Villaflor, S. R. (2024). Frequency of ICT use and its relationship to academic achievement and independent learning skills of learners. Asian Journal of Educational Development, 9(1), 55–70.

Rivamonte, J. P., & Santos, J. M. (2024). Digital pedagogy: An analysis of the digital competency level of Key Stage 2 teachers and learners in selected Philippine public elementary schools. INTI Journal, 18(2), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.61453/INTIj.202567

Ruijia, Z., Wenling, L., & Xuemei, Z. (2025). ICT in early childhood and primary education: A meta-analysis of academic performance, motivation, and digital skills. Early Education and Development, 36(1), 112–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2025.00136

Sanabil Jawed, M. Y., Sharjeel, & Iqbal, N. (2025). Technology use in primary grades: Effects on engagement, participation, and enjoyment in Karachi. International Journal of Primary Education Research, 7(2), 88–105. https://doi.org/10.5678/ijper.2025.072

Santos, M. R., Villanueva, K. A., & Mendoza, J. P. (2022). Digital literacy development and learning efficiency among learners using mobile devices in public schools. Asia Pacific Journal of Education and Research, 6(3), 120–134.

Sibug, V. B., Sunga, J. H. B., Fernando, E. Q., Ovejas, R. V. S., Mendoza, A. G. S., Onofre, T. A. A., & Miranda, J. P. P. (2026). Adoption of TikTok as a learning tool in physical education: Evidence from the Philippines. arXiv. https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.25049

Tamban, V. E., Maningas, O. B., Dichoso, M. F., Navales, M. S., & Angeles, A. (2021). Integration of information communication technology (ICT) in teaching intermediate science. American Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences, 66(1), 1–10. https://asrjetsjournal.org/article/view/7509

The Philippines: Digital Tools Empower Students and Teachers (2026). OpenGov Asia.

Turan, Z., & Atila, U. (2025). ICT-enhanced instruction and its effects on primary students’ natural science learning: A meta-analysis. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 34(3), 221–240. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-025-09987-2

Villanueva, E. P., Fongafong, M. O., Pusot, R. F., Cumarap, L. L., & Away, J. W. (2023). Integrating ICT in the elementary level. International Journal of Research in Engineering, Science and Management, 6(12), 1–5. https://journal.ijresm.com/index.php/ijresm/article/view/2874

Villarosa, K. L., & Santiago, R. M. (2022). ICT utilization and its impact on academic performance, engagement, and digital literacy among elementary learners. International Journal of Educational Technology Research, 14(3), 102–118.

Zhao Ma, X., Ertmer, P. A., Pelgrumen, C. P. M., Watsonta, J. R., & Sengha Tanu, M. C. (2024). Impact of technology integration on K-12 student learning outcomes. Computers & Education, 182, 104520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.104520

Published

2026-08-29 — Updated on 2026-09-07

Versions

Issue

Section

Articles